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The Structures of DNA and RNA
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Ejaz
The Structures of DNA and RNA
The discovery that DNA is the prime genetic molecule, carrying all the hereditary information within chromosomes, immediately focused attention on its structure. It was hoped that knowledge of the structure would reveal how DNA carries the genetic messages that are replicated when chromosomes divide to produce two identical copies of themselves. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, several research groups in the United States and in Europe engaged in serious efforts—both cooperative and rival—to...
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The main frontiers of fundamental science and new branches of physics | FSC Physics Notes | ETEA Preparation
There are three main frontiers of fundamental science.
- The world of extremely large (i.e. Universe)
- The world of the extremely small (i.e. particles such as electrons, protons, neutrons, mesons and others)
- Thee world of middle-sized things from molecule at one extreme to the Earth of the other). It is the world of complex matter.
By the end of 19th century many physicists started believing that everything about physics has been discovered. However, about the beginning of the 20th century... -
The Mechanism of Breathing (Ventilation) | FSC/HSSC Notes on Respiration | ETEA Preparation
The lungs themselves neither draw in air nor push it out. The diaphragm, abdominal muscles and the intercostals muscles accomplish the expansion and contraction of the lungs. The diaphragm (meaning, partition) is a large dome of skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity. Theta are two sets of intercostal, muscles between each pair of ribs: the external intercostals and the internal intercostals.
The muscle fibres run diagonally but in opposite direction... -
Main structural features and functions of the components of human respiratory system | ETEA/MDCAT Preparation | FSC
The body system which is responsible for the exchange of gases between body fluid and outer environment is called respiratory system.The human respiratory system can be divided into Lower two regions, upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.
Upper Respiratory Tract
The upper respiratory tract includes nostrils, nasal cavity and pharynx.
Nose
The nose is only externally visible part of the respiratory system. Human... -
How I Passed My Etea Exam - Key Points to consider
SSC and HSSC Exams were a hectic on its own but the ETEA exam is a sad grey of a million other splashes.. a burden of its own kind. Deciding my future, my career and even my worth?! Am I good enough? With each passing day my heart keeps sinking deeper and deeper. Until I’m seated on that chair and my future looks back at me in the form of… wait… what …mcqs?
I’m not going to scare you, there is no portion of Pak-studies/ Urdu and there are absolutely no subjective type questions....Last edited by Ejaz; 07-22-2020, 11:16 AM.
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